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ment, in Constitution and Reform in Eighteenth-Century Poland: The Constitution of 3
May 1791, ed. Samuel Fiszman (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), 125; see
also Ambroise Jobert, La Commission d Éducation Nationale en Pologne 1773-1794).
Son oeuvre d instruction civique (Paris: Libraire Droz, 1941).
25. Kagan, 617-18; See also the 7th edition, 2001. All references are to the 8th
edition unless otherwise indicated; Kishlansky, 581, 594-596; Esler, 392.
26. Kagan, 622.
27. Hunt, The Making of the West, 641; King, 425; Hause, 509
28. See Józef Andrzej Gierowski, The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the
XVIIIth Century: From Anarchy to Well-Organized State (Cracow: Nakladem Akademii
Umiejetnosci, 1996).
29. King, 579, 429.
30. R.R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution, 1760-1800: A Politi-
cal History of Europe and America, 2 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1959-64).
Eastern Europe in Western Civilization Textbooks 173
31. Hunt, The Making of the West, 724, 726, 729-30, 754-55.
32. James H. Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary
Faith (New York: Basic Books, 1980), 167.
33. Hause, 582, 601; Kagan, 617-18, 662. A description of the reforms of 1791,
referred to as too little too late that appeared in the 7th edition, 2001, of Kagan, 652, was
dropped in the 8th edition.
34. Rett R. Ludwikowski, The Main Principles of the First American, Polish, and
French Constitutions Compared, in Fiszman, 309-27.
35. Jörg K. Hoensch, Citizen, Nation, Constitution: The Realization and Failure of
the Constitution of 3 May 1791 in Light of Mutual Polish-French Influence, in Fiszman,
439.
36. Gierowski, 255-59; Jerzy Michalski, The Meaning of the Constitution of 3
May, in Fiszman, 251-86; Zbigniew Szczaska, The Fundamental Principles Concern-
ing the Political System of the 3 May 1791 Government Statute, in ibid., 287-328.
37. Billington, 167.
38. Reprinted in Stephen Fischer-Galati, ed., Man, State, and Society in East
European History (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970), 151.
39. Hause, 599; Esler, 457; King, 604; Kagan, 682; Kishlansky, 662, 715.
40. Billington, 129.
41. Kishlansky, 714-16.
42. The classic study by Harold Nicolson, The Congress of Vienna: A Study in
Allied Unity: 1812-1822 (New York: Viking Press, 1946), 164-81, devotes a chapter to
The Polish Negotiations.
43. Esler, 509; Kagan, 707, 725-28.
44. Kagan, 725, 727.
45. Hunt, The Making of the West, 825-26; Kishlansky, 731.
46. Billington, 161; see also Andrzej Walicki, Philosophy and Romantic National-
ism: The Case of Poland (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994),
247-76.
47. Hunt, The Making of the West, 825.
48. Ibid., 825-26; see also Kishlansky, 731.
49. Esler, 511.
50. Hause, 686. Mickiewicz should be mentioned in all textbooks according to
Wandycz, The Treatment of East Central Europe, 520.
51. Hunt, The Making of the West, 831; Esler, 552; King, 723, 741; Hause, 643;
Kishlansky, 723
52. Peter Brock, Polish Revolutionary Populism: A Study in Agrarian Socialist
Thought from the 1830s to the 1850s (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), 4.
53. Billington, 162.
54. Hunt, The Making of the West, 825.
55. The quote is ibid., 825.
56. Billington, 163.
57. Lewis Namier, 1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals (Garden City, New
York: Anchor Books, 1964).
58. Kagan, 765.
59. Hunt, The Making of the West, 832.
60. King, 672.
61. Hause, 725; Hunt, The Making of the West, 855-56; Kagan, 602.
62. Wandycz, The Treatment of East Central Europe, 521, made this same
criticism.
174 John J. Kulczycki
63. R.F. Leslie, ed., The History of Poland since 1863 (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1980).
64. Walicki, 367.
65. Piotr S. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918 (Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1974), 275-307; Norman Davies, God s Playground: A
History of Poland, Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present (New York: Columbia University Press,
1982), 52-57.
66. King, 756.
67. Billington, 497-500.
68. Hause, 758, which also mentions the Herne riots, but does not identify its
participants as Polish and gives the wrong date; see John J. Kulczycki, The Foreign
Worker and the German Labor Movement: Xenophobia and Solidarity in the Coal Fields
of the Ruhr, 1871-1914 (Oxford: Berg, 1994), 117-53.
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